Sifat-sifat perpangkatan:
a p × a q = a p + q {\displaystyle a^{p}\times a^{q}=a^{p+q}}
a p a q = a p − q {\displaystyle {\frac {a^{p}}{a^{q}}}=a^{p-q}}
( a p ) q = a p × q {\displaystyle (a^{p})^{q}=a^{p\times q}}
a p × b p = ( a × b ) p {\displaystyle a^{p}\times b^{p}=(a\times b)^{p}}
a − p = 1 a p {\displaystyle a^{-p}={\frac {1}{a^{p}}}}
a log b + a log c = a log ( b × c ) {\displaystyle ^{a}\log b+^{a}\log c=^{a}\log({b\times c})}
a log b − a log c = a log ( b c ) {\displaystyle ^{a}\log b-^{a}\log c=^{a}\log({\frac {b}{c}})}
a log b × b log c = a log c {\displaystyle ^{a}\log b\times ^{b}\log c=^{a}\log c}
a log b = 1 b log a {\displaystyle ^{a}\log b={\frac {1}{^{b}\log a}}}
a log b d = d × a log b {\displaystyle ^{a}\log b^{d}={d}\times {^{a}\log b}}
